Kalozera Wathunthu wa Katemera Wofunika kwa Alendo aku India

Kudalirika

Chiwerengero chonse cha alendo ndi abizinesi omwe akubwera Indian e-Visa yawonjezeka kufika pa 15 miliyoni. Pafupifupi 8% ya alendo amafika ku India amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala paulendo wawo wopita ku India kapena pambuyo pake; zodziwikiratu ndi matenda omwe angapewedwe ndi ma antibodies.

Alendo aku India amatha pafupipafupi komanso Nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndimatenda oyenda ndi madzi (kuthamanga, enteric fever, kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chiwindi), matenda okhudzana ndi madzi (nkhalango, dengue, Japan encephalitis), matenda a zoonotic (matenda a chiwewe), komanso matenda osautsa (matenda a malungo). Kuunikira kwa matenda omwe angathe kupewetsa anti-virus kumadziwika kuti ndi nkhani yofunikira kwambiri yoyenda paulendo. Kulabadira alendo aku India Visa kumatha kupulumutsa moyo ndipo ndi maziko a chitetezo pamiyambo yosangalatsa kapena ulendo wamalonda ku India.

The Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) imatsindika kuti mlendo aliyense ku India akuyenera kudziwitsidwa mokwanira za katemera wanthawi zonse, omwe amasintha malinga ndi zaka za mlendo waku India Visa, mbiri ya katemera; matenda omwe alipo, utali, zofunikira zovomerezeka pagawo la mayiko omwe akuchezeredwa, zomwe alendo aku India akufuna, ndi mikhalidwe yake. Mlendo ku India akuyenera kulangizidwa ndi madotolo pakadutsa masabata 4 mpaka 6 asanapite ku India kuti pakhale nthawi yokwanira yokwaniritsa mapulani oyenera a katemera.

Katemera Wanjira

Mosasamala komwe mukupita, a Center of Disease Control (CDC) amalangiza kupeza mayendedwe abwino pa katemera wachizolowezi musanapite ku India. Akuluakulu ambiri aku America omwe amalandila chithandizo chanthawi zonse tsopano alipo pakuwombera kumeneku, komwe kumaphatikizapo katemera wa chikuku-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-lockjaw pertussis, varicella (nkhuku) ndi katemera wa poliyo. Zindikirani kuti munthu aliyense amene atenga chitetezo cha lockjaw ayeneranso kuwombera wothandizira ngati wotchi, kapena posachedwa ngati munthuyo wavulala.

The Center for Disease Control (CDC) imawonanso kuti kachilombo kozizira kwanyengo ino kawombera imodzi mwama antibodies omwe munthu wamkulu aliyense woyenerera ayenera kuwapeza asanapite ku India.

WHO Ikulimbikitsa Ma Katemera Apaulendo Apaulendo ku India (Komanso Kukhala Pamwamba Pakadali Pano ndi Maya, Mumps, ndi Rubella Vaccinations).

Kukulitsa diphtheria ndi Katemera wa Lockjaw

Izi sizokwera kwambiri ngati sizinachitike kuti mlendo wazaka 10 zapitazi. Zizindikiro zimakhalapo ngati ululu pamalo obwera ndi kutentha thupi.

Katemera wa Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A imakhala matenda othandizira chiwindi omwe amafala kudzera muzakudya ndi zakumwa komanso kudzera pakhungu pakhungu ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto. Kudya zopanda pake, zosasambitsidwa kapena kuphika pang'ono, kapena kumwa pompopompo kapena madzi abwino, kumakupatsani chiopsezo chotenga matenda a hepatitis A mukamadutsa madera ena adziko lapansi.

Mayiko ochepa - kuphatikizapo Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Australia ndi mayiko a Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya - ali bwino kulamulira ndi kuchotsa matenda a chiwindi A. Mulimonsemo, kwa Indian Tourist Visa omwe ali nawo komanso omwe akufuna kubwera ku India, Center for Disease Control. (CDC) imalimbikitsa kulandira katemera wa Hepatitis A ngati sichinachitike kudziko lakwawo. Chokayikitsa ndichakuti kulandira katemerayu musanafike ulendo wopita ku India kumafuna chidziwitso chambiri. Zaperekedwa 2 Mlingo, wolekanitsidwa ndi theka la chaka, kotero pamafunika masiku 180 kuti mulandire katemera wa Hepatitis A.

Popeza izi zidaperekedwa pafupipafupi kwa onse obadwa kumene ku United States ndi maiko ena otukuka kuyambira 2005, omwe ali ndi mwayi wocheperako ku India wa Visa amathanso kupatsidwa katemera wa hepatitis A.

Katemera wa hepatitis B

Zomwe zikuganiziridwa kuti ndizabwinobwino kwa ambiri omwe ali ndi Indian Tourist Visa. Katemerayu amaperekedwa pobadwa, ali ndi miyezi itatu komanso ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yofulumira imapezekanso ngati katemera wophatikizana ndi Hepatitis A. Zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zachilendo komanso zofatsa, nthawi zambiri zimapweteka muubongo komanso kuwawa pang'ono pamalo olowetsedwa. Chiwerengero cha kupulumuka ndi 3%.

Katemera wa Cholera

Cholera ndi matenda ena omwe amafala kudzera muzakudya zoperewera ndi madzi. Tizilombo ta kolera tating'onoting'ono timapezeka ku India konse. Kupita ku malo ena a ku India kutanthauza kuti kuwonetsera kumakhala kotheka kuposa ena, kotero kuti ngakhale mutapita kudera lomwe lakhala ndi gawo lomwe limangopanga lingaliro lanu loti mukulumikizana ndi michere ya kolera.

Imwani madzi amchere, ndipo Pewani madzi ampopi ku India. Ndi matenda achilendo komanso omwe akatswiri amatha kuchiza bwino, komabe kupeza antibody kungakhale kofunika kwambiri musananyamuke. Cholera imayambitsa matumbo ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala aziuma kwambiri. Ngati sangathe kupita kuchipatala msanga, matendawa amatha kupha. Potsatira izi, ngati mukufuna kupita kukaona gawo la India lomwe lakhala likupezeka kolera kapena komwe sikutali, Katemera uyu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Katemera wa polio wakumwa ndi pakhungu (OPV)

Kuyambira Januware 2014, antibody iyi ndiyofunikira kwa alendo onse aku India a Visa aku India ochokera ku Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Israel, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, ndi Somalia kuti alandire OPV pafupifupi pafupifupi. Kwatsala milungu 6 kuti ndege ipite ku India. OPV ndiyowononga kwambiri chaka chimodzi kuyambira tsiku lomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Mndandanda wamayikowa umadutsa mayiko atatu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha WHO. Wachikulire aliyense amene analandira katemera wa poliyo amene anapatsidwa koma sanapeze womuthandiza atakula akuyenera kupatsidwa gawo limodzi la katemera wa poliyo wosagwira ntchito. Ana onse akuyenera kusinthidwa katemera wawo wa poliyo, ndipo wachikulire aliyense amene sanamalize katemerayu ayenera kuchita zimenezi asanafike ku India ngati alendo.

Katemera wa typhoid

Matenda a typhoid ndi matenda oopsa. Odwala a typhoid amaperekedwa kwa onse omwe ali ndi Indian Tourist Visa kupita ku India, posatengera kuti amangoyendera madera akumatauni. Katemera kamodzi kokha kameneka kamapereka chitsimikizo cha ∼70%, chikhalabe kuvomeleza 2 mpaka zaka 3. Mapiritsi amapezekanso kuti makonzedwe apite m'mimba yopanda kanthu katatu kuti agwire ntchito. Mulimonsemo, kulowetsedwa kumatchulidwa kuti kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa. Ma antibody obaya ndi ofunika pakutemera kwapakamwa kwa oyembekezera komanso omwe akhudzidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi.

Katemera wa Varicella

Katemerayu adapereka kwa mlendo aliyense waku India Visa wopitilira chaka chimodzi. Ndibwino kwa iwo omwe alibe mbiri yakale yodzazidwa ndi nkhuku yojambulidwa kapena kuyezetsa magazi kusonyeza kusazindikira. Anthu ambiri omwe amavomereza sanakhalepo ndi vuto la nthomba akayesedwa ndipo samayenera kuvutikira ndi anti-anti. Odwala a Varicella sayenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pakati kapena osatetezeka. Katemera wa varicella amadziwikiranso anthu okhala ndi ma Visa ku India omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali (omwe akufuna kukhala ku India kwa mwezi wopitilira) kapena iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chapadera.

Katemera wa ku Japan wa encephalitis

Katemera uyu amalamulidwa kuti azikulunga kwa nthawi yayitali (iwo amene akufuna kupitilira mwezi umodzi ku India) India alendo oyendera malo a Visa omwe ali ndi zigawo kapena alendo aku India omwe angatenge nawo gawo lotetezedwa kunja m'malo akumidzi, makamaka usiku, nthawi yayifupi .

Katemera ayenera kumalizidwa masiku 7 asanalowe ku India kuti agwire ntchito. Zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi mutu waching'alang'ala, kugunda kwa minofu, kuwawa komanso kutsekemera pamalo opaka. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kwa amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa.

Katemera wa Meningococcal

Katemerayu amaperekedwa ngati kulowetsedwa payekha. Katemera 4 amapereka 2 kwa zaka 3 zotetezedwa ku India omanga alendo ndi alendo.

Mankhwala a Malungo

Zowopsa za malungo zilipo padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'maiko otentha ndi otukuka kumene. Malo onse ndi mayiko aku India, kupatula omwe akukwera kwambiri, adawulula matenda am'matumbo. Center for Disease Control (CDC) imaganiza kuti omwe ali ku India Tourist Visa ku India atha kuchita ngozi yoopsa yakudwala matumbo.

Matendawa amafala kudzera mu udzudzu wa jekeseni, motero kutenga njira zoteteza ndi gawo lalikulu lopewa matenda. Kuphimba khungu, kugwiritsa ntchito zolimba pakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito zovala ndi zida zogwirira ntchito ndi permethrin, ndikupuma pansi pa ukonde wa udzudzu ndi njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wopeza Malungo.

Palibe antibody to Forestall Malaria, alendo aku India Visa atha kutenga njira yothetsera vuto la mankhwala a malari popita ku India ndi kukacheza. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zonona pakhungu, udzudzu komanso udzudzu kuti mudziteteze ku matendawa.

Katemera wa Rabies

Matendawa ndimatenda oyipitsa a virus. The kudwala sikachilendo ku India Alendo aku Visa, komabe zoopsazi zimachulukana ndizitali komanso zimatalikirana komanso kuthekera kwokhudzana ndi nyama. Anti anti akufotokozedwera India Visa Visa omwe amagwira omwe akufuna kufufuza kunja.

Alendo aku India a Visa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kulumidwa ndi agalu kapena nyama zolumikizana (ma veterinarian ndi othandizira zolengedwa), alendo ataliatali a India Visa amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angawathandize kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi nyama. Ana amawonedwa pangozi yayikulu popeza nthawi zambiri amasewera ndi nyama, amatha kumayamwa kwambiri, kapena sanganene kuti zikuluma.

Kulumidwa ndi chilombo/galu kumaimira matenda ambiri a chiwewe ku India, pomwe kudyedwa ndi anyani, akambuku, ngamila, ndi akalulu aku India amathanso kufalitsa matenda a chiwewe. Chokwawa chilichonse chiyenera kutsukidwa ndi zotsuka ndi madzi ambiri, ndipo akatswiri azaumoyo oyandikana nawo akuyenera kufikidwa mwachangu kuti alandire chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe angachiganizire pambuyo poti munthuyo adalandira katemera wa chiwewe. Kukonzekera koyambirira kokwanira kumaphatikizapo Mlingo wa 3 wolowetsedwa mumnofu wa deltoid masiku 0 Masiku, Masiku 7, masiku 21 ndi Tsiku la 28.

Muyenera kulandira katemera wa matenda a chiwewe ngati alumidwa kapena kukwapulidwa ndi galu ku India.

Katemera wa Yellow fever (YF)

Mayiko ambiri amafuna 'chitsimikiziro cha inoculation kapena prophylaxis' chodziwika ndiopereka chithandizo cha katemera wa YF wa India Tourist Visa kuchokera kudera loipitsidwa. Maupangiri okhudza thanzi la ku India atha kufunsa umboni wa kulowererapo kwa Yellow fever (YF) pomwe iye akuwonekera kuchokera ku Africa kapena South America kapena madera ena a Yellow fever (YF). Umboni wa inoculation uzofunikira pokhapokha ngati munthu wayendera fuko ku YF zone mkati mwa masiku 6 asanalowe ku India . Munthu aliyense (kupatula makanda mpaka zaka 6 zakubadwa) akuwonekera popanda chilolezo kapena umboni ngati adayendera pasanathe masiku 6 atalowa ku India, kapena kudutsa dera loipitsidwa, kapena kuwonekera m'sitima yapamadzi yomwe idayambira kapena kulumikizidwa padoko lililonse mdera lomwe lili pachiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa YF mpaka masiku makumi atatu isanawonekere ku India, kupatula ngati bwato loterolo layeretsedwa motsatira njira yomwe bungwe la WHO lidanena lidzatsekeredwa kwa masiku 6.

Katemera wa Yellow fever (YF) ayenera kulamulidwa pa katemera wa Yellow fever (YF) yemwe adzapatse katemera aliyense Chikalata Chovomerezeka Chadziko Lonse cha Katemera. Katemera wa YF sayenera kuperekedwa kwa ochepera miyezi 9, apakati, omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi, kapena omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mazira. Momwemonso sayenera kuperekedwa kwa omwe ali ndi mbiri yodziwika ndi matenda a thymus kapena thymectomy. Katemera sikulimbikitsidwa kapena kofunikira kwa omwe ali ndi India Tourist Visa omwe akuwonekera movomerezeka kuchokera ku North America, Europe, Australia, kapena mayiko ena aku Asia.

Mosasamala kanthu komwe mungapite ku India, munthu ayenera kuzindikira kuti kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungayambitse matenda aakulu. Palibe kukayikira kuti ma antibodies achepetsa kapena kutaya matenda ambiri omwe anapunduka kwambiri ana ndi akulu zaka zingapo zapitazo. Pakati pa mizere iyi, Alendo omangidwa ku India ayenera kutenga ma antibodies omwe adayikidwa pakukonzekera asanapite ku India.