Ua tiav Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Yuav Tsum Tau Rau Cov Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Indian

Abstract

Tus naj npawb ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ncig xyuas thiab cov neeg lag luam tuaj txog Indian e-Visa tau nthuav mus rau 15 lab. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 8% ntawm cov qhua tuaj txog hauv Is Nrias teb xav tau kev saib xyuas mob thaum los yog tom qab lawv mus rau Is Nrias teb; Thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov neeg ncig tebchaws Indian tuaj yeem feem ntau thiab feem ntau yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm dej kab mob kev nkeeg (qhov ua haujlwm, mob ua npaws, mob ua npaws heev), muaj dej muaj kab mob (ua npaws yoov, mob duav, Japanese txha caj qaum), zoonotic maladies (mob vwm), thiab txawv cov mob tsis kis rau (mob npaws daj). Cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj tau pom tau tias yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev mus ncig. Inoculation rau Indian Visa cov qhua tuaj yeem cawm txoj sia thiab yog lub hauv paus rau kev nyab xeeb rau lub sijhawm muaj kev lom zem lossis kev lag luam mus rau Is Nrias teb.

cov World Health Organization (LEEJ TWG) underscores tias txhua tus qhua tuaj rau Is Nrias teb yuav tsum tau qhia tag nrho txog kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, uas hloov pauv raws li qhia los ntawm Indian Visa cov neeg tuaj xyuas hnub nyoog, keeb kwm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv; Cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm, qhov ntev, qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog rau ntu rau hauv cov teb chaws uas tau mus xyuas, Indian Visa tus neeg tuaj xyuas qhov xav tau, thiab cov khoom zoo. Tus neeg tuaj xyuas Is Nrias teb yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob hauv ib qho xwm txheej 4 txog 6 lub lis piam ua ntej mus rau Is Nrias teb kom muaj sijhawm txaus rau kev ua tiav cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.

Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Sijhawm

Txawm koj yuav mus qhov twg los, lub Center of Disease Control (CDC) qhia kom nrhiav tau qhov zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub ua ntej mus rau Is Nrias teb. Ntau tus neeg Asmeskas cov neeg laus uas tau txais kev kho mob ib txwm muaj tam sim no tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj no, uas suav nrog cov kab mob qhua pias-mob-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-lockjaw pertussis, varicella (chickenpox) thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio. Nco ntsoov tias ib tus neeg twg uas tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lockjaw yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa zoo li kev ua haujlwm, lossis sai dua thaum tus neeg ntawd tau txais kev raug mob.

cov Center for Disease Control (CDC) kuj tseem txiav txim siab txog tus kab mob khaub thuas lub caij no tua ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas txhua tus neeg loj hlob tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txais ua ntej mus rau Is Nrias teb.

LEEJ TWG pom zoo Cov Kev Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv no rau cov neeg taug kev mus rau Is Nrias teb (Zoo li Tau Ua Kom deb li deb nrog Measles, Mumps, thiab Rubella Txhaj Tshuaj).

Gring-up diphtheria thiab lockjaw txhaj tshuaj

Qhov no tsis siab heev nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis muaj tshwm sim rau tus qhua hauv 10 lub xyoo dhau los. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim xws li mob ntawm thaj chaw infusion thiab kub cev.

Hepatitis A Vaccine

Kab mob siab A yuav yog daim siab mob tiag uas tseem kho tau daim siab uas kis tau los ntawm kev noj haus thiab haus thiab los ntawm kev sib chwv tawv nqaij nrog tus neeg muaj kab mob. Noj cov khoom tawg, tsis siav lossis ib nrab siav zaub mov, lossis haus dej haus lossis dej kom zoo, ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob siab A thaum mus hla tej cheeb tsam hauv ntiaj teb.

Ob peb lub tebchaws - suav nrog Canada, Nyiv, New Zealand, Australia thiab Western European lub tebchaws - zoo dua rau kev tswj hwm thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob siab A. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws Indian thiab cov neeg xav tuaj rau Is Nrias teb, Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC) pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj rau kab mob siab A yog tias tsis tau ua tiav hauv lawv lub tebchaws. Dab tsi yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua ntej lub sijhawm taug kev mus rau Is Nrias teb yuav tsum tau ceeb toom ntau heev. Nws tau muab rau hauv 2 ntau npaum li cas, cais ib nrab xyoo sib nrug, yog li koj xav tau 180 hnub txhawm rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab A.

Txij li thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ib txwm tau muab rau txhua tus neeg tau txais nyiaj tshiab hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws tsim nyob rau sab hnub poob txij li xyoo 2005, cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua Visa Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Meskas muaj cai txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab A.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B

Tam sim no xav tias yog ib txwm muaj rau feem ntau Indian Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Visa tuav. Kev txhaj tshuaj no yog muab thaum yug los, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 hlis thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli. Lub sij hawm ceev yog ntxiv mus tau raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog kab mob siab A. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab maj mam, feem ntau mob hlwb thiab mob mellow ntawm qhov chaw infusion. Cov ciaj sia taus yog 95%.

Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Tus Mob Quav Dej Haus

Mob raws plab yog lwm qhov mob uas kis los ntawm kev noj haus thiab dej. Tus kab mob no muaj sia nyob thoob plaws Is Nrias teb. Taug kev mus rau cov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm Is Nrias teb txhais tau tias kev nthuav qhia yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig dua li lwm tus, yog li seb koj mus ncig xyuas thaj chaw uas muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua txiav txim siab koj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob sib xyaw ua haujlwm.

Haus dej muaj dej, thiab tsis txhob siv cov kais dej hauv Is Nrias teb. Nws yog ib qho kab mob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thiab ib qho uas cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem kho tau zoo, txawm li cas los xij tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej koj tawm mus. Mob raws plab ua rau lub cev plob tsis so quav heev, uas ua rau cov neeg mob tau qhuav perilously qhuav tawm sai. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem kho mob ceev ceev, tus kabmob tuaj yeem tuag taus. Ua raws cov kab no, yog tias koj xav mus xyuas ib qho ntawm Is Nrias teb uas tau muaj tus mob raws plab no lossis qhov chaw deb, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob polio qhov ncauj (OPV)

Txij Lub Ib Hlis 2014, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov tsim nyog rau txhua tus neeg Indian Visa tuaj xyuas Is Nrias teb los ntawm Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Ixayees, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, thiab Somalia kom tau OPV rau kwv yees li. 6 lub lis piam ua ntej lub davhlau rau Is Nrias teb. OPV muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua rau 1 xyoos txij li hnub nws lub koom haum. Daim ntawv teev npe lub tebchaws no dhau mus dhau 3 lub tebchaws uas WHO tau teem tseg. Txhua tus neeg laus uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tab sis tsis tau txais ib tus neeg txhawb nqa raws li tus neeg laus yuav tsum tau txais ib feem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio uas tsis muaj zog. Txhua tus menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau hloov kho tshiab hauv lawv cov kab mob polio, thiab txhua tus neeg laus uas tsis tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum ua li no ua ntej tuaj txog rau Is Nrias teb raws li cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Typhoid

Tus kab mob typhoid fever yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob typhoid raug sau tseg rau txhua tus neeg Khab Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Visa mus rau Is Nrias teb, tsis hais seb puas mus ncig hauv nroog xwb. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ib zaug no muab ∼70% kev lees paub, nws nyob twj ywm siv tau rau 2 mus rau 3 xyoo. Cov ntsiav tshuaj kuj tseem siv tau rau kev tswj hwm rau lub plab khoob 3 zaug kom ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub infusion yog feem ntau yog sau nyob rau hauv uas yog muaj tsawg tshwm sim. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov xav tau tshaj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm qhov ncauj hauv cov neeg cev xeeb tub thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Varicella

Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no tau pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws Is Nrias teb Visa ntau dua 1 xyoos. Nws raug pom zoo rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj yav dhau los uas muaj kab mob qhua pias los yog kuaj ntshav qhia tias tsis muaj peev xwm. Coob tus neeg uas lees txais lawv yeej tsis mob qhua maj ua mob thaum sim thiab tsis thab nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaivCov. Varicella antibody yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau cov neeg cev xeeb tub lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kab mob sib kis tau zoo ib yam nkaus li tau siv ua kev tiv thaiv ntev li ntawm Neeg Qhab Asmeskas Neeg Tuaj Tebchaws Meskas (uas npaj siab yuav nyob hauv Is Nrias teb rau ntau dua 1 hlis) lossis cov uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb.

Japanese encephalitis Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv ntev (cov neeg uas sim siv sijhawm ntau tshaj li ib hlis hauv Is Nrias teb) Is Nrias teb Cov Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Visa rau cov cheeb tsam tsis tuaj yeem lossis Is Nrias Visa Cov neeg qhua tuaj yeem koom nrog sab dav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud ua si hauv thaj chaw hauv tebchaws, tshwj xeeb thaum hmo ntuj, thaum tawm mus sab nrauv luv. Cov.

Cov txheej txheem rau inoculation yuav tsum ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tshwm sim 7 hnub ua ntej nkag mus rau Is Nrias teb kom nws ua tau zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog migraines, nqaij throbs, thiab mob thiab delicacy ntawm qhov chaw infusion. Nws tsis pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov niam laus.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv meningococcal

Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no yog muab raws li kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg. Qhov 4 txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muab 2 mus rau 3 xyoo kev tiv thaiv rau Is Nrias teb khi cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas.

Tshuaj Kho Mob Malaria

Malaria muaj kev phom sij muaj thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, feem ntau hauv cov teb chaws sov thiab tsim teb chaws. Txhua qhov chaw thiab cov xeev ntawm Is Nrias teb, tshwj tsis yog ntawm cov uas muaj qhov nce siab, tshwm sim cov neeg mob hnyuv. Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC) txiav txim siab Tebchaws Is Nrias Tebchaws Saib Xyuas Tebchaws Visa nyob hauv Is Nrias teb los khiav txoj kev txaus ntshai me me ntawm kev cog lus mob plab hnyuv.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yoov tshaj cum, yog li ntsuas kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom deb ntawm tus mob malady. Npog daim tawv nqaij, siv cov tshuaj pleev cov kab mob, siv cov khaub ncaws thiab lub tshuab kho nrog permethrin, thiab so hauv qab yoov tshaj cum yog cov kauj ruam uas tuaj yeem pab txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo kom tau tus mob npaws.

Tsis muaj Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txhob npaws tshaj Malaria, txawm li cas los xij Is Nrias teb Visa cov neeg tuaj yeem siv txoj kev daws teeb meem rau cov tshuaj malarial paving txoj hauv kev thiab thaum mus ntsib Is Nrias teb. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj pleev tawv nqaij, tshuaj tua yoov thiab yoov tshaj cum kom tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm tus kab mob no.

Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Yeeb

Kab mob vwm yog ib tug kab mob kis tau zoo. Tus kev mob kev nkeeg yog yam tsis zoo nyob hauv Is Nrias teb Cov neeg qhua hla tebchaws, tseem muaj kev phom sij nce ntxiv nrog lub sijhawm ntev thiab txuas ntxiv thiab txhua yam ntxim nyiam ntawm kev sib chwv tsiaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom zoo rau Cov Neeg Taug Kev Visa Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Asmeskas cov neeg uas npaj siab yuav tshawb sab nraud.

Cov neeg qhua Visa muaj kev phom sij rau tus dev lossis tus yoov tom (tus kws kho tsiaj thiab siv tsiaj), ntev kev mus ncig Is Nrias teb Visa ua nrog ib ce muaj zog uas yuav coj lawv mus ntsib cov tsiaj. Cov menyuam yaus raug txiav txim tias muaj kev phom sij ntau dua vim tias lawv yuav ua si nrog tsiaj, tej zaum yuav chomps nyuaj zuj zus, lossis yuav tsis tshaj qhov yoov.

Tom los ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum / aub sawv cev rau feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob vwm hauv Is Nrias teb, thaum nibbles los ntawm felines, tsov, ntxhuav, thiab Indian civet kuj tseem tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob vwm. Txhua tus tsiaj chomp lossis khawb yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tag nrho nrog ntau cov tshuaj ntxuav thiab dej, thiab cov kws kho mob nyob ze yuav tsum tau mus cuag sai sai rau kev kho mob tom qab kev nthuav qhia seb tus neeg puas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm. Ib qho kev qhia ua ntej tag nrho suav nrog 3 koob tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv cov leeg deltoid hnub 0 Hnub, 7 Hnub, 21 hnub thiab 28 Hnub.

Koj YUAV TSUM tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm yog tias dev tom los yog khawb los ntawm dev hauv Is Nrias teb.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv npaws daj (YF) Tshuaj tiv thaiv

Ntau cov teb chaws xav tau 'kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb ntawm inoculation lossis prophylaxis' cim los ntawm tus kws saib xyuas cov neeg siv tshuaj tiv thaiv rau YF txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau Is Nrias teb Cov Neeg Taug Kev Visa los ntawm thaj chaw tsis huv. Cov txheej txheem qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm Indian yuav thov pov thawj txog qhov mob ua npaws Daj (YF) inoculation nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum qhov ntawd tau tshwm sim los ntawm Africa lossis South America lossis lwm yam chaw muaj cov tsos mob daj (YF). Pov thawj ntawm inoculation yuav tsum tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum ib tug ntawd tau mus xyuas ib lub teb chaws nyob hauv YF thaj tsam hauv 6 hnub ua ntej nkag mus rau Is Nrias teb . Ib tus neeg twg (tsuas yog cov menyuam yaus txog rau hnub nyoog 6 lub hlis) tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev pom zoo lossis pov thawj yog tias tau mus xyuas hauv 6 hnub tom qab nkag mus rau Is Nrias teb, lossis taug kev hla thaj chaw tainted, lossis nthuav tawm ntawm lub nkoj caij nkoj uas pib los ntawm los yog tiv tauj rau ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj kev phom sij ntawm YF kis mus txog peb caug hnub ua ntej nws tshwm sim hauv Is Nrias teb, tshwj tsis yog tias lub nkoj zoo li no tau ua kom huv si raws li WHO cov txheej txheem yuav raug cais tawm mus txog 6 hnub.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob daj daj (YF) yuav tsum tau tswj hwm ntawm qhov pom zoo rau qhov pom zoo Yellow fever (YF) inoculation focus, uas yuav muab rau txhua tus neeg txhaj tshuaj tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj YF yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 9 lub hlis, cev xeeb tub, tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis rhiab rau cov qe. Nws tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los cim los ntawm thymus kab mob lossis thymectomy. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug qhia lossis xav tau rau Is Nrias Cov Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Visa cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas pom zoo los ntawm North America, Europe, Australia, lossis lwm lub tebchaws Asian.

Txawm nyob qhov twg mus rau Is Nrias teb, ib tug yuav tsum paub hais tias raug rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob loj. Tsis muaj qhov tsis paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txo qis los yog pov tseg ntawm ntau yam mob uas ua rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus muaj mob hnyav ob peb xyoos dhau los. Raws li cov kab no, Is Nrias teb khi cov neeg ncig tebchaws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li kev npaj ua ntej yuav mus rau Is Nrias teb.