ʻO ke alakaʻi piha i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e koi ʻia no nā mākaʻikaʻi India
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO ka helu piha o nā huakaʻi a me nā malihini kipa hiki mai E-visa ʻĀnia ua hoʻonui i ka 15 miliona. Ma kahi o 8% o nā malihini e hōʻea ana i India koi i ka noonoo loiloi i ka wā a i ʻole ma hope o kā lākou huakaʻi i India; ʻO nā mea hoʻoholo mua he mau maʻi hiki ke pale aku i ka antibody.
Hiki i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi India ke hele pinepine a ua mau ʻia paha ka maʻi e ka maʻi ʻia ana e ka wai (ka holo, ke kau maʻi enteric, hepatitis maʻi ikaika), nā maʻi pili i ka wai (ke ʻano jungle fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis), zoonotic maladies (rabies), a hoʻopuka i nā maʻi lohi ʻole (end fever). Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā antibody hiki mai i kahi maʻi ke ʻano nui. Hiki i ke koi manuahi no nā malihini kipa Indian hiki ke ola a he kumu ia o ka palekana maluhia i ka wā o ka leʻaleʻa a i ʻole ʻoihana ʻoihana i India.
ka ʻO ka Hui Ola Ola (WHO) e hoʻomaopopo pono i kēlā me kēia malihini kipa i India e pili ana i nā inoculations maʻamau, e loli ana e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka makahiki o ka malihini kipa India, ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi; nā maʻi i loaʻa, ka lōʻihi, nā pono kūpono no ka ʻāpana i nā lāhui e kipa ʻia, nā makemake o nā malihini kipa India, a me nā ʻano. Pono ka malihini i India e aʻo me nā kauka i kēlā me kēia hanana 4 a 6 mau pule ma mua o ka hele ʻana i India i loaʻa ka manawa kūpono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono.
Nā Hana Kūʻai maʻamau
Ma waho o kahi āu e hele ai, ʻo ka Ke kikowaena o ka maʻi hoʻomalu (CDC) kuhikuhi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wikiwiki maikaʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau ma mua o ka huakaʻi ʻana i India. Nui nā poʻe makua ʻAmelika e loaʻa ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau i kēia manawa ma kēia mau kiʻi, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi polio (MMR), diphtheria-lockjaw pertussis, varicella (chickenpox). E hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā me kēia kanaka e loaʻa i ka lockjaw antibody pono e kiʻi i ka pana kākoʻo e like me ka hana uaki, a i ʻole i ka wā e loaʻa ai ke kanaka i kahi ʻeha ʻoki.
ka Kikowaena no ka ma'i (CDC) noʻonoʻo hoʻi i ka pana ʻana i kēia kau anuanu kekahi o nā antibodies maʻamau e pono i kēlā me kēia kanaka makua kūpono ke loaʻa ma mua o ka huakaʻi i India.
Hōʻike ʻo ʻĀKAʻI i kēia mau makana wā hele no nā huakaʻi hele i India (e like me ke ʻano he nui me Measles, Mumps, a me Rubella Vacations).
Hoʻopuka i nā hua momona a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo lockjaw
ʻAʻole kūpono loa kēia i ka hihia i loaʻa ʻole ka mea i ʻike i ka malihini i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei. Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka eha ma ka pūnaewele infusion a me ke kuni.
ʻO Hepatitis A Vepa
ʻO Hepatitis A e lilo kahi maʻi kino maikaʻi akā hiki ke mālama ʻia ma o lalo o ka hānai a me nā mea inu a ma o ka ʻili o ka ʻili a me ke ʻano o kahi mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai, kā ʻole a i ʻole kuke ʻia ka meaʻai ʻai ʻole, a me ka inu ʻona a i ʻole ka wai wai, e hoʻāla ʻia ka pōpoki o ka hepatitis A i ka wā e hele ana i nā wahi kikoʻī o ka honua.
ʻO kekahi mau lāhui - me Canada, Iapana, New Zealand, Australia a me nā aupuni o ʻEulopa Komohana - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka maʻi hepatitis A. I kekahi hihia, no nā mea paʻa Visa Tourist India a me ka poʻe i manaʻo e hele mai i India, ka Center for Disease Control. (CDC) paipai ʻia e hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka Hepatitis A inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ma ko lākou ʻāina home. ʻO ka mea kānalua ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka manawa o kahi huakaʻi i India e pono ai ka nui o ka hoʻolaha mua. Hāʻawi ʻia i loko 2 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hapalua makahiki, no laila pono ʻoe i 180 mau lā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ʻia no ka Hepatitis A.
No ka mea ua hāʻawi mau ʻia kēia antibi i nā hānau hou a pau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka makahiki 2005, ʻo nā mea hoʻohana ʻōpio ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Visa e like me kēia manawa e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka hepatitis A.
ʻO ka maʻi he Hepatitis B
I kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia he mea maʻamau no ka hapa nui o nā mea paʻa Visa Tourist India. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hānau ʻana, i ke 3 mahina a me 6 mahina. Hiki ke loaʻa ka papa manawa wikiwiki ma ke ʻano he inoculation i hui pū ʻia me ka maʻi Hepatitis A. He kūʻokoʻa a mālie nā hopena, ʻo ka maʻamau ka ʻeha cerebral a me ka ʻeha maʻemaʻe ma ke kahua infusion. ʻO 95% ka helu ola.
Kolepa Kauka
ʻO Cholera kahi maʻi ʻē aʻe e laha ʻia ma o ka hānai kai a me ka wai. Loaʻa nā mikroskopiko cholera i nā mea āpau ma India. ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi huakaʻi i nā wahi kikoʻī o India e hōʻike aku ana i ka hōʻike ʻana ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, no laila ke kipa aku nei ʻoe i kahi ʻāina i loaʻa ka hopena e hoʻoholo nei i kou pilikia o ka launa pū ʻana me nā meaola kolera mikroskopika.
E inu i ka wai mineral, a pale aku i ka wai polu ma Inia. He maʻi maʻamau kēia a hiki i ka poʻe loea ke mālama me ka maikaʻi, akā naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka antibody i kēia manawa ke kumu ma mua o kou puka ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Cholera i ka hemahema o ke kakaka, kahi e hōʻalo nui ai ka poʻe maʻi. I ka hopena hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hele wikiwiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke make. Me kēia mau laina, i ka mea āu e manaʻo nei e kipa aku i kahi ʻāpana o India i kahi hanana cholera e hoʻomaka ana a i ʻole ala mamao loa, aia kēia ʻano maʻi.
Polioʻi Oral polio (OPV)
Mai Ianuali 2014, ua kauoha ʻia kēia antibody no nā malihini Visa India āpau e kipa ana i India mai Afghanistan, ʻAitiopa, Israel, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, a me Somalia e kiʻi iā OPV no kahi kokoke. 6 pule ma mua o ka holo ʻana no India. ʻOi aku ka pōʻino o OPV no 1 makahiki mai ka lā o kāna hui. Ke hele nei kēia papa inoa lāhui ma mua o 3 mau ʻāina hopena i hāʻawi ʻia e WHO. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka makua i loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau keiki i ʻōlelo ʻia akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kākoʻo ma ke ʻano he kanaka makua, pono e hāʻawi ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau polio ʻole. Pono nā keiki a pau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kā lākou maʻi polio, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kanaka makua ʻaʻole i hoʻopau i ka hoʻonohonoho kumu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau pono e hana pēlā ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i India ma ke ʻano he mākaʻikaʻi.
Holoi Palepili
ʻO ka maʻi typhoid kahi maʻi weliweli. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Typhoid antibody no nā mea paʻa Visa Tourist India a pau i India, ʻoiai inā e kipa ana i nā wahi kūlanakauhale. Hāʻawi kēia lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi i ka ∼70% ʻoiaʻiʻo, paʻa kūpono no 2 i 3 mau makahiki. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā papa no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōpū hakahaka 3 mau manawa i mea e pono ai. I kēlā me kēia hihia, kuhikuhi ʻia ka infusion i ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena. Makemake ʻia ka antibody injectable ma luna o ka lāʻau lapaʻau waha i ka poʻe hāpai a me ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
Kokua ʻO Varicella
Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia maʻi lapaʻau no kekahi malihini kipa ʻo India Visa ma mua o 1 mau makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia no ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole kahi hala i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka maʻi moa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole kahi hoʻāʻo koko e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ʻole. Nui ka poʻe e ʻae ʻole loa iā lākou i ka wī manu e hōʻike i ka kū ʻana i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ʻia a ʻaʻole pono hoʻi e hoʻopilikia me ka antibody. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole pono ke hāʻawi ʻia ka antibodi varicella i nā poʻe hāpai a i ʻole ka immunocompromised. Ua ʻōhola ʻia nā ʻano varicella no ka paʻa o ka hoʻokele India Tourist Visa lōʻihi (ke manaʻo nei e noho ma India no ka ʻoi aku 1 mau mahina) a ʻoi paha ka mea i hōʻike ʻia.
Hōʻea kikipili encephalitis Kepani
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻomakeo no ka haul lōʻihi (ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻoikaika nei e hoʻolilo i hoʻokahi mahina ma India) ʻO India nā mea kipa ʻo Visa e hele ai i nā wahi rustic a i ʻole nā malihini Visa e komo i nā hana ākea ma waho o nā ʻāpana ʻāina, ināʻo ka pō, i ka wā o ka wā pōkole . ^ E Ha yM.
Pono e hoʻopau ʻia ke kaʻina hana no ka inoculation i kēlā me kēia hanana 7 mau lā ma mua o ke komo ʻana i India i mea e pono ai. ʻO nā hopena kaulana loa ʻo ka migraines, ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo, a me ka ʻeha a me ka ʻono ma ka pūnaewele infusion. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia no nā wahine hāpai a me nā makuahine hānai.
Mikiococcal Vaccine
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he infusion hoʻokahi. Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau 4 pana 2 i 3 makahiki o ka pale ʻana i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā malihini kipa ma India.
Kauleau Malaria
Loaʻa nā pōʻino malaria a puni ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina e ulu ana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā wahi āpau a me nā moku o India, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā mea i ke ala kiʻekiʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā hihia maʻi ʻeha. Manaʻo ke Center for Disease Control (CDC) i ʻike ʻia e ka mea hoʻokalakupua o India Tourist Visa ma India e holo i kahi pōpilikia kūpono e hōʻemi ai i ka maʻi ʻeha.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi ala ma o ka naʻi a kaʻi nā mea make, no laila ʻo ka lawe ʻana i nā hana palekana he hapa nui ia o ka mālama ʻana i ke kīnā. Ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili, hoʻohana i ka pepeke bug bug, hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole a me nā mea hana i mālama ʻia me ka permethrin, a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma lalo o kahi nīnika, ʻo ia nā hana e hiki ke hoʻēmi i kou hopena iā ʻoe e loaʻa iā Malaria.
ʻAʻohe antibody i ka ululāʻau Malaria, akā, hiki i nā malihini kipa Visa ke lawe i ka hopena hoʻonāukiuki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e waiho ana i ke ala ma a i ka wā o ka hele ʻana i India. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili, nā lemela lawaiʻa a me nā ʻolua e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai kēia maʻi.
Kaumaha a Rabies
He maʻi maʻi ko Rabies. O ka huikau ka maʻi ma India ʻO nā malihini kipa Visa, ke piʻi aʻe nei ka pōʻino me kahi lōʻihi a lōʻihi a me kekahi hiki ke loaʻa ka pili ʻana i nā holoholona. Hāʻawi ʻia ka antibody no nā mākaʻi Kūwaho India e mālama nei i ka poʻe i manaʻo e nānā i waho.
ʻO nā malihini kipa o India Visa i kahi pōʻino kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻīlio a i ʻole ʻolua paha (nā mea manu a me nā mea hana manuahi), lōʻihi ka haul Ua hele mai nā malihini kipa Visa i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopili pololei me nā holoholona. Manaʻo ʻia nā kamaliʻi i nā ʻoi aku ʻoi loa ma mua o ka pāʻani me ka holoholona, hiki ke loaʻa i nā hana koʻikoʻi nui, a ʻaʻole paha e haʻi i ka huki.
ʻO ka nahu ʻia e ka holoholona/ʻīlio e hōʻike ana i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi rabies ma India, aʻo nā nibbles mai nā felines, tigers, kāmelo, a me ka civet Indian hiki ke hoʻoili i ka rabies. Pono e ho'oma'ema'e 'ia me ka wai ho'oma'ema'e a me ka wai, a pono e hele koke mai i ka po'e loea ola kino no ka ho'oma'ama'a 'ana ma hope o ka hō'ike 'ana inā ua ho'oma'ema'e 'ia ke kanaka i ka rabies. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana he 3 mau mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻiʻo deltoid i nā lā 0 Nā lā, 7 lā, 21 lā a me 28 lā.
Pono ʻoe e kiʻi i nā kano rabies inā mālama ʻia a ʻili ʻia paha e ka ʻīlio ma India.Holo huiki (YF) Pōlima
Pono nā lāhui he nui i ka 'honua holoʻokoʻa o ka inoculation a prophylaxis' i hōʻailona ʻia e kahi mea lapaʻau no nā mea maʻi o ka YF no India poʻe hoʻokipa Visa mai kahi wahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. E koi paha nā alakaʻi ʻenehana no India i ka hōʻoia o ka inoculation Kunehu (YF) i ka hihia ke ʻike ʻia nei kahi mai ʻAmelika a i ʻAmelika Hema a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻāpanaʻulaʻula (YF). E koi ʻia nā ʻike no ka inoculation inā ua kipa kekahi ma kahi aupuni i ka ʻO ka YF i loko o 6 mau lā ma mua o ke komo ʻana i India . ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka (ʻokoʻa mai nā pēpē a hiki i ka makahiki 6 mau makahiki) e hōʻike ana me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻoia inā ua kipa ʻo ia i loko o 6 mau lā ma hope o ke komo ʻana i India, a i ʻole e hele ma kahi ʻāpana ʻino, a i ʻole e hōʻike ana ma luna o kahi moku holo moku i hoʻomaka mai. a i ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ma kekahi awa ma kahi ʻāpana me ka pōʻino o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā YF a hiki i kanakolu lā ma mua o kona ʻike ʻia ʻana i India, koe wale nō inā ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kēlā moku ma muli o ke ʻano i kuhikuhi ʻia e WHO e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hiki i 6 lā.
Pono e mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Yellow Fever (YF) ma kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi Yellow Fever (YF), e hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi palapala hōʻoia International o ka Vaccination. ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau YF i ka poʻe ma lalo o 9 mau mahina o ka makahiki, hāpai, immunocompromised, a i ʻole ka maʻi i nā hua. ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe nona ka hope i hōʻailona ʻia e ka maʻi thymus a i ʻole thymectomy. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia a koi ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana no nā mea paʻa Visa Tourist India e hōʻike pono ana mai ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa, Australia, a i ʻole nā 'āina ʻē aʻe o ʻAsia.
Ma waho o kahi e hele ai i India, pono e hoʻomaopopo kekahi i ka ʻike ʻana i nā microorganism kikoʻī hiki ke lawe mai i ka maʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻohe mea kānalua ua hōʻemi a hoʻopau ʻia nā antibodies i nā maʻi he nui i hōʻeha nui i nā keiki a me nā mea makua i ʻelua mau makahiki i hala. Ma keia mau laina, Pono nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi paʻa i India e lawe i nā antibodies i kuhikuhi ʻia no kēlā me kēia hoʻolālā ma mua o ka huakaʻi ʻana i India.